Bilateral Gonadal Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypic Female With 46,XY Disorder of Sexual Development: A Case Report.

The 46,XY disorder of sexual development (DSD) is a rare congenital condition characterized by a 46,XY karyotype associated with complete or disturbed female gonadal development and a non-virilized phenotype. The presence of Y chromosome material in these patients' karyotypes increases the risk of germ cell tumor development. The present study reports a unique case of a 16-year-old phenotypically female patient presenting with primary amenorrhea, who was later diagnosed with 46,XY DSD. After bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, the patient was diagnosed with stage IIIC dysgerminoma. The patient received four cycles of chemotherapy and showed a good response. The patient is currently alive and well, with no evidence of disease after the residual lymph node resection.

Autologous Anti-CD19 CAR T-Cells immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis / Imunoterapia de CAR T-Cells Anti-CD19 no tratamento de leucemia linfoblástica aguda refratária/recidivante. Revisão sistemática e metanálise

Introduction: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent malignancy in children; however, when the neoplasm becomes refractory/relapses (R/R) the cure possibilities are practically null. Objectives: To analyze the Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) T-Cells immunotherapy efficacy in the treatment of R/R ALL, providing evidence about the efficacy and safety of the therapy for the analyzed group. Methods: The study consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the analysis of indexed articles. The searches were carried out with the terms: "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "CAR T", and "CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor". Results: Only 18 of the 94 articles obtained initially met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review, totaling 637 patients. Thus, it was observed in the responses that approximately 81% of the patients achieved a Complete Response; 7% did not respond; the neoplasm relapsed in 17% of the cases; and 6.1% of the patients died. The main side effects found were Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome, and Neurotoxicity, present in 36.3%, 29%, and 24% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-CD19 CAR T-Cells immunotherapy is an effective therapy, capable of producing high rates of complete remission in R/R ALL treatment. [au]

Introdução: A Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA) é a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente em crianças; entretanto, quando se torna refratária/recidivante (R/R) as possibilidades de cura são praticamente nulas. Objetivos: Analisar a eficácia da imunoterapia de Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos anti-CD19 no tratamento da LLA R/R, fornecendo evidências sobre a efetividade e segurança da terapia para o grupo analisado. Métodos: O estudo consistiu em uma revisão sistemática e metanálise baseada em artigos indexados. As pesquisas foram realizadas com os termos: "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "CAR T", and "CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor". Resultados: Dos 94 artigos obtidos, apenas 18 atenderam inicialmente aos critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados para revisão, totalizando 637 pacientes. Assim, observou-se nas respostas que aproximadamente 81% dos pacientes obtiveram resposta completa; 7% não responderam; a neoplasia recidivou em 17% dos casos; e 6,1% dos pacientes morreram. Os principais efeitos colaterais encontrados foram síndrome de liberação de citocinas, síndrome de liberação grave de citocinas e neurotoxicidade, presentes em 36,3%, 29% e 24% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A imunoterapia com células CAR T anti-CD19 é uma terapia eficaz, sendo capaz de produzir altas taxas de remissão completa no tratamento de LLA R / R. [au]

Ligand-mediated nanomedicines against breast cancer: a review.

Ligand-mediated targeting represents the cutting edge in precision-guided therapy for several diseases. Surface engineering of nanomedicines with ligands exhibiting selective or tailored affinity for overexpressed biomolecules of a specific disease may increase therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects and recurrence. This review focuses on newly developed approaches and strategies to improve treatment and overcome the mechanisms associated with breast cancer resistance.

A nova escola de saúde de Goiás / The new health school in Goiás

A Superintendência da Escola de Saúde de Goiás (SESG) coordena e gere a educação permanente e continuada em saúde, no âmbito do SUS e este e-book tem como objetivo de apresentar a configuração da "Nova Escola de Saúde de Goiás", abrangendo educação permanente em saúde, educação à distância, qualificação dos trabalhadores do SUS para organização e fortalecimento dos processos de trabalho, divulgação científica no estado de Goiás, programa de pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), democratização, solidariedade, metodologias ativas, tecnologias educacionais e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem.

The Superintendence of the School of Health of Goiás (SESG) coordinates and manages permanent and continuous education in health, within the scope of the SUS and this e-book aims to present the configuration of the "New School of Health of Goiás", covering education permanent education in health, distance education, qualification of SUS workers to organize and strengthen work processes, scientific dissemination in the state of Goiás, research program for SUS (PPSUS), democratization, solidarity, active methodologies, educational technologies and strategies of teaching and learning

Relationship of circulating immune cells with lifestyle factors and cancer recurrence in early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship of circulating immune cells with recurrence and metabolic/lifestyle factors in patients with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS: Patients with early-stage breast cancer were identified from the electronic record and institutional registry. Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were obtained from blood samples at time of diagnosis prior to any chemotherapy. Correlations between lymphocyte and monocyte and recurrence were assessed in the entire cohort and among obese patients, those reporting alcohol consumption and smoking. Competing risk regression was used to analyze time to recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 950 patients with ≥ 5 years of follow-up were identified; 433 had complete data and were eligible for analysis. 293 (68%) had hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, 82 (19%) HER2 positive, and 53 (13%) triple negative. Patients in the highest quintile of lymphocytes compared to the lowest quintile had lower risk of recurrence (subhazard ratio (SHR) = 0.17, 95% CI [0.03-0.93], p = 0.041) while patients in the highest quintile of monocytes had lower risk for recurrence (SHR = 0.19, 95% CI [0.04, 0.92], p = 0.039). Higher monocytes were more strongly associated with lower recurrence among those reporting alcohol consumption (HR = 0.10, 95% CI [0.01, 0.91], p = 0.04). In obese patients, higher lymphocytes were associated with lower risk of recurrence (p = 0.046); in non-obese patients, higher monocytes were associated with lower risk of recurrence (p = 0.02). There were no correlations among patients who reported tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: High lymphocyte and monocyte counts are associated with lower recurrence rate in early-stage breast cancer, particularly in obese patients and those reporting alcohol consumption.

Planificação da atenção primária à saúde: relato de experiência - Regional de Saúde Centro Sul / Planning primary health care experience report Regional Health Center South

A Planificação da Atenção à Saúde é uma oportunidade para qualificar as respostas do Sistema Único de Saúde à população, esta proposta provoca nos profissionais de saúde, através da análise de suas práticas diárias, o espírito de mudança e resgata o encantamento das equipes pelo trabalho com a saúde coletiva em especial com a Atenção Primária e Estratégia Saúde da Família. O estudo objetiva reelatar a experiência vivenciada durante o desenvolvimento das atividades das oficinas tutoriais da Planificação da Atenção Primária na Regional de Saúde Centro Sul no período de agosto de 2017 a outubro de 2019. Foram analisados 151 relatórios elaborados após a realização das oficinas tutoriais nas unidades laboratório dos municípios da Regional Centro Sul. Com a organização dos processos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) há um tensionamento para a organização da Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada (AAE) (AU)

Health Care Planning is an opportunity to qualify the responses of the Unified Health System to the population, this proposal provokes in health professionals, through the analysis of their daily practices, the spirit of change and rescues the enchantment of teams for working with collective health especially with Primary Care and Family Health Strategy. The objective of this study is to report the experience during the development of the activities of the Tutorial Workshops of Primary Care Planning in the Regional Health Center South from August 2017 to October 2019. We analyzed 151 reports prepared after the tutorial workshops in the units. laboratory of the municipalities of the Regional Center South. With the organization of processes in Primary Health Care (PHC) there is a tension for the organization of Specialized Ambulatory Care (SEA) (AU)

Value of Systemic Staging in Asymptomatic Early Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Metastases are rare in early breast cancer (EBC), and international guidelines recommend against routine systemic staging for asymptomatic patients. However, imaging exams remain widely employed in the clinical practice. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the value of imaging for systemic staging in EBC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of newly-diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients was performed. Clinical data including BC subtype, stage, presence of symptoms at diagnosis and instrumental procedures performed for staging were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 753 patients were included, with a median age of 57 years. The majority of the patients underwent at least 1 imaging procedure (91%); had invasive ductal carcinoma (83.5%); histological grade 2 (51.4%); stage II (61.8%); and luminal subtype (67.9%). Among the 685 (91%) patients who underwent any radiologic staging, distant metastases (DMs) were detected in 32 (4.7%). In the univariate analyses, stage IIb and pathological lymph node involvement (pN1) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of DMs, versus only a trend for triple negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) positive subtype. In an exploratory analysis performed in this same subgroup, when unfavorable biology (triple negative or Her2 positive) was present, patients had a DM rate of 14.4%, one of the highest reported at this stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: Early breast cancer has a low prevalence of DM at the initial evaluation, and systemic staging of asymptomatic, unselected patients is not warranted as a routine practice. However, we have identified subgroups of patients to whom a full staging could be indicated.

OBJETIVO: Metástases são de ocorrência rara no câncer de mama precoce, e as diretrizes internacionais não recomendam o estadiamento sistêmico de rotina para pacientes assintomáticos. Apesar disso, exames de imagem continuam sendo largamente empregados na prática clínica. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o valor do estadiamento por imagem no câncer de mama precoce. MéTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes recém-diagnosticados com câncer de mama. Foram registrados os dados clínicos dos pacientes, incluindo subtipo da neoplasia de mama, estadiamento, presença de sintomas no momento do diagnóstico e procedimentos de estadiamento. RESULTADOS: Um total de 753 pacientes foram incluídos, com idade média de 57 anos. Grande parte deles se submeteu a pelo menos um exame de imagem (91%); tinha carcinoma ductal invasivo (83,5%); grau histológico 2 (51,4%); estádio II (61,8%); e subtipo luminal (67,9%). Entre os 685 (91%) pacientes que realizaram algum exame de imagem, metástases à distância foram detectadas em 32 (4,7%). Na análise univariada, estádio IIb e acometimento linfonodal (pN1) tiveram uma associação estatisticamente significativa com a presença de metástase, enquanto os subtipos triplo negativo e receptor tipo 2 do fator de crescimento epidérmico humano (Her2) positivo demonstraram apenas uma tendência para a identificação de metástases. Na análise exploratória deste mesmo subgrupo, diante da presença de biologia desfavorável (triplo negativo e Her2 positivo), os pacientes apresentaram uma taxa de metástase à distância de 14,4%, uma das mais altas relatadas nesse estádio. CONCLUSãO: Neoplasia de mama precoce apresenta baixa baixa prevalência de metástase à distância no momento do diagnóstico, e o estadiamento sistêmico de rotina de pacientes assintomáticos e não selecionados não é justificável. Contudo, identificamos subgrupos de pacientes para os quais o estadiamento completo poderia ser indicado.

Optimizing the Use of Gene Expression Profiling in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Purpose Gene expression profiling assays are frequently used to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in hormone receptor-positive, lymph node-negative breast cancer. We hypothesized that the clinical value of these new tools would be more fully realized when appropriately integrated with high-quality clinicopathologic data. Hence, we developed a model that uses routine pathologic parameters to estimate Oncotype DX recurrence score (ODX RS) and independently tested its ability to predict ODX RS in clinical samples. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed ordered ODX RS and pathology reports from five institutions (n = 1,113) between 2006 and 2013. We used locally performed histopathologic markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Elston grade) to develop models that predict RS-based risk categories. Ordering patterns at one site were evaluated under an integrated decision-making model incorporating clinical treatment guidelines, immunohistochemistry markers, and ODX. Final locked models were independently tested (n = 472). Results Distribution of RS was similar across sites and to reported clinical practice experience and stable over time. Histopathologic markers alone determined risk category with > 95% confidence in > 55% (616 of 1,113) of cases. Application of the integrated decision model to one site indicated that the frequency of testing would not have changed overall, although ordering patterns would have changed substantially with less testing of estimated clinical risk-high or clinical risk-low cases and more testing of clinical risk-intermediate cases. In the validation set, the model correctly predicted risk category in 52.5% (248 of 472). Conclusion The proposed model accurately predicts high- and low-risk RS categories (> 25 or ≤ 25) in a majority of cases. Integrating histopathologic and molecular information into the decision-making process allows refocusing the use of new molecular tools to cases with uncertain risk.

A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 45 Patients With Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBCs) are rare, aggressive cancers lacking targeted therapy. Here, we review the clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with MBC treated at our institution. METHODS: We searched clinical and pathology databases for patients with histologically confirmed MBC from 1999 to 2012. We estimated survival probabilities using the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated prognostic factors using Cox regression. RESULTS: Forty-five cases were identified, including chondroid (24%), spindled (20%), sarcomatoid (16%), squamous (11%), and mixed (29%) histologic subtypes. Median tumor size was 3 cm, with 86% grade III and 69% triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Most had negative lymph nodes, and two patients had metastases at diagnosis. Six patients received neoadjuvant therapy, with one pathologic complete response. All patients underwent surgery, 60% received adjuvant radiation, and 58% had adjuvant chemotherapy. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 64%; 5-year overall survival was 69%. Tumor size, history of breast cancer, and mixed histology were associated with inferior outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We report one of the largest single-institution series of patients with MBC. MBC is associated with a poor prognosis, despite low nodal involvement. Most patients in this series had high-grade, triple-negative tumors and were treated with optimal therapy.

Treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (HER2) is overexpressed and/or amplified in ~15% of breast cancer patients and was identified a quarter century ago as a marker of poor prognosis. By 1998, antibody therapy targeting the HER2 pathway was shown to demonstrably improve progression-free and overall survival in metastatic disease, and in 2005 evidence of improvement in disease-free and overall survival from the first generation of trastuzumab adjuvant trials became available. However, not all patients with HER2 overexpression benefit from trastuzumab. Second-generation studies in metastatic disease led to the approval of several new HER2-targeted therapies using small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib, new HER2/HER3 antibodies such as pertuzumab, and the new antibody chemotherapy conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine. These successes supported the launch of second-generation adjuvant trials testing single and dual HER2-targeted agents, administered concomitantly or sequentially with chemotherapy that will soon complete accrual. HER2-positive breast cancer in the setting of HER2-targeted therapy is no longer associated with poor prognosis, and recent guidance by the US Food and Drug Administration suggests that pathologic response to HER2-targeted therapy given preoperatively may allow an earlier assessment of their clinical benefit in the adjuvant setting. An adjuvant trial of trastuzumab in patient whose tumors express normal levels of HER2 and trials of single/dual HER2-targeting without chemotherapy are also ongoing. In this article, we review the current data on the therapeutic management of HER2-positive breast cancer.

[Work-related stress according to the Demand-Control Model and Minor Psychic Disorder in nursing workers]. / Estresse no trabalho segundo o Modelo Demanda-Controle e distúrbios psíquicos menores em trabalhadores de enfermagem.

This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the association between work-related stress according to the Demand-Control Model, and the occurrence of Minor Psychic Disorder (MPD) in nursing workers. The participants were 335 professionals, out of which 245 were nursing technicians, aged predominantly between 20 and 40 years. Data were collected using the Job Stress Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. The analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The prevalence of suspected MPD was 20.6%. Workers classified in the quadrants active job and high strain of the Demand-Control Model presented higher potential for developing MPD compared with those classified in the quadrant low strain. In conclusion, stress affects the mental health of workers and the aspects related to high psychological demands and high control still require further insight in order to understand their influence on the disease processes of nursing workers.

Work-related stress according to the demand-control model and minor psychic disorders in nursing workers / Estres laboral segun el modelo demanda-control y trastornos psiquiatricos menores en trabajadores de enfermeria / Estresse no trabalho segundo o Modelo Demanda-Controle e distúrbios psíquicos menores em trabalhadores de enfermagem

This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the association between work-related stress according to the Demand-Control Model, and the occurrence of Minor Psychic Disorder (MPD) in nursing workers. The participants were 335 professionals, out of which 245 were nursing technicians, aged predominantly between 20 and 40 years. Data were collected using the Job Stress Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. The analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The prevalence of suspected MPD was 20.6%. Workers classified in the quadrants active job and high strain of the Demand-Control Model presented higher potential for developing MPD compared with those classified in the quadrant low strain. In conclusion, stress affects the mental health of workers and the aspects related to high psychological demands and high control still require further insight in order to understand their influence on the disease processes of nursing workers.

Estudio transversal cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre el estrés laboral, según el Modelo Demanda-Control, y la aparición de Trastorno Psíquico Menor (TPM) en los trabajadores de enfermería. Participaron 335 profesionales, siendo 245 técnicos de enfermería, con edad predominante entre 20 y 40 años. Los datos fueron recolectados utilizándose la Job Stress Scale y el Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica. La prevalencia de probable TPM encontrada fue del 20,6%. Los trabajadores en los cuadrantes trabajo activo y alto desgaste, del modelo demanda-control, presentan probabilidades de desarrollar TPM, en comparación con los situados en el cuadrante bajo desgaste. Se concluye que el estrés afecta la salud mental de los trabajadores y que los aspectos relacionados con la alta demanda psicológica y alto control todavía necesitan de mayores conocimientos para comprender su influencia en los procesos de enfermedad de los trabajadores de enfermería.

Estudo transversal cujo objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre o estresse no trabalho, segundo o Modelo Demanda-Controle, e a ocorrência de Distúrbio Psíquico Menor (DPM) nos trabalhadores de enfermagem. Participaram 335 profissionais, sendo 245 técnicos de enfermagem, com idade predominante entre 20 e 40 anos. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se a Job Stress Scale e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. A análise foi realizada utilizando-se estatística descritiva e analítica. A prevalência de suspeição para DPM encontrada foi de 20,6%. Os trabalhadores nos quadrantes trabalho ativo e alto desgaste, do Modelo Demanda-Controle, apresentaram chances de desenvolver DPM, quando comparados com os situados no quadrante baixo desgaste. Conclui-se que o estresse afeta a saúde mental dos trabalhadores e que os aspectos relacionados a alta demanda psicológica e alto controle ainda necessitam de maiores aprofundamentos para que se entenda sua influência nos processos de adoecimento dos trabalhadores de enfermagem.

Bone-modifying agents as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer.

The development of effective systemic therapies to reduce the risk of disease recurrence or metastases in early-stage breast cancer remains an important challenge. The use of bone-modifying agents (BMAs), including the bisphosphonates (BPs) and the monoclonal antibody denosumab (Xgeva), is well established for metastatic bone disease. In the adjuvant setting, some studies have shown provocative findings with some of these agents for the prevention of future breast cancer-related events, with improved survival in some subgroups. The most compelling results have been seen with clodronate and zoledronic acid. In this review we describe the current evidence for use of BPs as part of the adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Narcisismo primário e o desejo / Primary narcissism and desire

Este trabalho trata do narcisismo primário, o mais polêmico de todos os narcisismos, e sua relação com o desejo. De um autor para outro, a noção de narcisismo primário é dotada de extremas variações, quer seja no que se refere à sua descrição, tanto quanto a sua situação cronológica no desenrolar da constituição do sujeito, sendo que alguns autores põem em dúvida até mesmo a sua existência. Aqui, pretende-se descrever a trajetória desse conceito e sua relação com o desejo e os ideais

Narcisismo primário e o desejo / Primary narcissism and desire

Este trabalho trata do narcisismo primário, o mais polêmico de todos os narcisismos, e sua relação com o desejo.De um autor para outro, a noção de narcisismo primário é dotada de extremas variações, quer seja no que se refere à sua descrição, tanto quanto a sua situação cronológica no desenrolar da constituição do sujeito, sendo que alguns autores põem em dúvida até mesmo a sua existência.Aqui, pretende-se descrever a trajetória desse conceito e sua relação com o desejo e os ideais(AU)

ENSINO E SAÚDE: O QUE PENSAM E O QUE SABEM OS DEFICIENTES AUDITIVOS

Trabalho de campo realizado na Escola Especial Elysio Campos em Goiânia ano de 1997 através da PROGRAD/Programa de Licenciatura. Teve como objetivos: Identificar percepções dos deficientes auditivos em relação aos métodos e recursos utilizados para ensinar saúde até então vivenciados; Suprir necessidades explicitadas pelos deficientes auditivos referentes a conteúdos de saúde através de palestras e Desenvolver métodos e recursos que facilitem o processo ensino-aprendizagem referente a conteúdos de saúde entre deficientes auditivos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 3 fases distintas: Avaliação Diagnóstica; Realização de Palestras e Avaliação Formativa. A população constituiu-se de alunos matriculados na escola, fazendo parte da amostra alunos com idade superior a 12 anos. Detectou-se que os entrevistados possuíam noções de prevenção e transmissão de doenças em geral, mas em relação às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, eles desconheciam os modos de transmissão. Verificou-se também que eles tinham pouco conhecimento sobre sexualidade e métodos contraceptivos. Comparando os dados da Análise Diagnóstica e da Análise Formativa, observou-se que houve mudança de conceitos e comportamentos entre os deficientes. O ensino dirigido a eles requer a utilização de recursos audiovisuais em maior quantidade quando comparado ao ensino a alunos normais. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de trabalhos contínuos com deficiente utilizando recursos e planos adequados e o investimento na formação de professores para a Educação Especial.

Field work accomplished in the Special School Elysio Campos of Goiânia year of 1997 through PROGRAD / Program of Licenciatura. It had as objectives: To identify auditory perceptions of the faulty ones in relation to the methods and resources used to teach health until then lived; To supply needs explained for the faulty ones auditory referring to contents of health through lectures and to Develop methods and resources that facilitate the process teaching-learning regarding contents of health among faulty auditory. The study was developed in 3 different phases: Diagnostical evaluation; Accomplishment of Lectures and Formative Evaluation. The population is constituted of students registered in the school, being the sample students' part with superior age to 12 years. It was detected that the interviewees possessed prevention notions and transmission of diseases in general, but in relation to the diseases sexually transmissible, they ignored the transmission manners. It was also verified that they had little knowledge on sexuality and contraceptive methods. Comparing the diagnostical analisys' data and of Formative analysis, it was observed that there were change of concepts and behaviors among the faulty ones. The teaching driven them requests the use of audiovisual resources in larger amount when compared to the normal students'teaching. The development of continuous works is recommended with faulty using resources and appropriate plans and the investment in the teachers' formation for the Special Education.